Energy saving measures Essay Example For Students

Vitality sparing estimates Essay 1.)There are discussions going on around the globe about the purported ?Global warming? furthermore, there is pressure among power industry too to lessen emanations and to be condition cordial and subsequently interchange wellsprings of vitality are being viewed for future vitality necessities. ?Indeed, even the UPA government marked the atomic settlement with US so we can have progressively atomic force stations as cleaner vitality source. ?Different ventures in India are practicing environmental safety. Wipro in Mysore has built up a grounds which utilizes sun based vitality for every one of its activities. ?One more model I can state is that of Mayor of Mumbai Shradhha Jadhav?s home where all the lights and other electric things in the compound sudden spike in demand for sun powered vitality. ?There are additionally developing number of structures which are utilizing sustainable wellsprings of vitality for their day by day operationsWhat I feel is the thing that has happened in view of social weight is that nations are attempting to join the progressions to utilize inexhaustible and clean vitality assets and numerous organizations too inside India are attempting to develop their picture by practicing environmental safety and by indicating that they are accomplishing something useful for the nation. Starting at now 57 % of all out utilization is from coal, which is required to diminish with more utilization of sustainable power source assets. 2.) With progressively number of IT employments, BPO occupations the idea of occupation is changing, these organizations have high number of specialized supplies and on account of this way of life change there is an enormous increment popular in power flexibly. In the event that you figure the pinnacle shortage in India it?s around 13 % in May ? June. 3.) To fulfill the needs private players are permitted to go into Indian markets, as a result of privately owned businesses going into Indian markets the tax rate is entirely high. For example Dependence power levy rate in Mumbai is higher than that of Tata Power. Subsequently as of late in Malad when goodbye power was permitted to enter the locale where customers were utilizing dependence power, numerous shoppers moved to goodbye power on account of less expensive levy rates, already this wasn?t the case and every region was under one player in particular, yet the situation is evolving now. 4.) Now, the primary concern that comes out is to set up new force plants for which one prime significant factor is to get the area to set up the plant. There have been fights from local people to set up new force plants in their territories. For example A year ago there was a solid resistance from local people in Jaitapur for the set up of atomic force plants, they would not acknowledge the checks in lieu of land. Thus, these are the difficulties which society has forced upon the force division organizations which must be managed cautiously on the off chance that we are to limit the pinnacle deficiency of power in the coming years.

The Poetry of Robert Hayden Essay -- Poetry Analysis

In spite of the fact that most of Robert Hayden's compositions address racial topics and delineates occasions in African-American history, he additionally composed short sonnets that catch his very own encounters. Hayden has a huge measure of extraordinary sonnets and short stories, yet as I read through a significant number of them, I was moved by two explicit sonnets that I believed I could by and by identify with. I picked these sonnets since I am ready to place myself into the story-line and comprehend what the essayist is discussing. I accept that a decent author can arrive at any peruser paying little mind to race, sexual orientation, or age. Hayden had a mind boggling ability with his language and the structures of his sonnets that could nearly pull the peruser directly out of their seat and spot them in the focal point of his compositions. Robert Hayden was conceived Asa Bundy Sheffey on August 4, 1913 in Detroit, Michigan. His mom left him under the watchful eye of his neighbors, William and Sue Ellen Hayden, when he was only eighteen months old while she left for New York. The Haydens never lawfully embraced Robert however they rechristened him as Robert Hayden and dealt with him as though he had been their own kid. Hayden went to Detroit City College and Michigan University. During his time at Michigan, Hayden had the option to proceed with his long lasting enthusiasm for composing and acting. The most significant piece of this time was that he had the chance to concentrate with W.H. Auden. Auden at the time was a meeting teacher who invested energy perusing a portion of Hayden's works and giving him recommendations and significant reactions. Hayden credited Auden for helping him build up his very own style recorded as a hard copy. After he graduated in 1944 he began his profession as a teacher of writing, and Frisk University and afterward at t... ...d the exploration on this paper it nearly made me hate verse more than I previously had. I believe that sonnets mean something else to every individual. No two individuals will ever feel precisely the same route about a specific sonnet. At the point when I read the reactions I couldn't help contradicting for all intents and purposes each and every one. I don't have the foggiest idea why one people's assessment of a sonnet is imperative to such an extent that it is distributed. It causes perusing verse to appear to be increasingly similar to a task and makes it difficult for me to appreciate. On the off chance that I read verse this is on the grounds that it has contacted me somehow. To have someone separate it uniquely in contrast to I would have changes the importance of it for me. Everyone is qualified for have their own sentiment yet except if it is the really author of the sonnet clarifying how he felt as he composed this, no else will ever know without a doubt what he was thi nking. The happiness originates from opening your brain and losing yourself.

How to Forgive Your Spouse and Let Go

How to Forgive Your Spouse and Let Go Relationships Spouses & Partners Print How to Practice Forgiveness in Marriage Learning to Let Go After Betrayal or Hurt By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 23, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on October 29, 2019 Verywell / JR Bee More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Being able to forgive and to let go of past hurts is a critical tool in marriage. Additionally, being able to forgive is a way to keep yourself healthy both emotionally and physically. In fact, forgiving and letting go may be one of the most important ways to keep you and your marriage going strong. Some transgressions are so harmful that a marriage cant survive, but forgiveness can still play a role. Health Benefits of Forgiveness If you hold onto old hurts, disappointments, petty annoyances, betrayals, insensitivity, and anger, you are wasting both your time and your energy. Nursing your hurt (whether real or perceived) for too long can eventually make it turn into something moreâ€"hate and extreme bitterness.   Lack of forgiveness can also wear you down. Being unforgiving takes both a physical and mental toll. Resentment gains momentum and chips away at the foundation of your well-being and your relationship. In fact, health experts at Johns Hopkins report that the act of forgiveness can reduce the risk of heart attack, lower cholesterol levels, improve sleep, reduce pain,  lower your blood pressure, and decrease levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Studies have also suggested that forgiveness provides substantial benefits.?? 3 Reasons Why Forgiveness Is Good for You How to Forgive a Partner Who Hurt You There are different techniques you can use to find a place of forgiveness when you have experienced betrayal. Consider each method and find the combination that works best for you. The hurt you have suffered may make a difference. Certainly, it is more difficult to forgive a spouse for years of infidelity than it is for a minor mistake such as forgetting to pay a bill on time. Try to be patient with yourself as you experiment with different strategies. Be open and receptive to forgiveness.Make a conscious decision to forgive your spouse.When images of the betrayal or hurt flash in your mind, think of a calming place or do something to distract yourself from dwelling on those thoughts.Dont throw an error or mistake back in your spouses face at a later date; dont use it as ammunition in an argument.Dont seek revenge or retribution; trying to get even will only extend the pain and chances are good that this wont really make you feel better anyway.Accept that you may never know the reason for the transgression, behavior, or mistake.Remember that forgiveness does not mean that you condone the hurtful behavior.Be patient with yourself. Being able to forgive your spouse takes time. Dont try to hurry the process.If you are still unable to forgive, or you find yourself dwelling on the betrayal or hurt, please seek professional counseling to help you let go and forgive. 5 Effective Strategies to Forgive Others and Move On How to Ask for Forgiveness If you are the partner who has caused hurt, you can ask for forgiveness in an effort to rebuild trust in the relationship. Remember to give yourself and your partner time when working through the process. Show true contrition and remorse for the pain that youve caused.Be willing to make a commitment to not hurt your partner again by repeating the hurtful behavior.Accept the consequences of the action that created the hurt.Be open to making amends.Be patient with your partner. Being able to forgive you often takes time. Dont dismiss your spouses feelings of betrayal by telling them to get over it.Make a heartfelt and verbal apology; this includes a plan of action to make things right. Forgiveness in Marriage Marriage, like other close relationships, needs forgiveness to thrive. Remember that everyone makes mistakes. We all have bad or grumpy days. Most of us say things we dont mean now and then. Everyone needs to forgive and to be forgiven. This is especially true if the person who hurt you is attempting to make amends and seek forgiveness; its more difficult if your partner is not remorseful. But even then, you may find value in offering forgiveness. No healthy relationship, especially a marriage, can be sustained over a long period of time without forgiveness.?? But remember that forgiveness isnt absolution. Its a conscious decision and a practice of releasing feelings of resentment. Forgiveness can provide you and your partner with the tools to process and move on. Even though you may find it find it difficult, being able to forgive is crucial for the long haul. When Forgiveness Is Not Enough If your spouse abuses you, continues to betray or lie to you, or makes no real effort to change their behavior, then it may be time to say enough is enough. This behavior calls for you to seriously evaluate your marriage.  When there is enough evidence that these major concerns are not going away, despite your effort to forgive, it may be time to think about separation or divorce. According to psychiatrist Karen Swartz, MD, forgiveness does not always mean reconciliation. Having a relationship with someone in the future is about whether they are reliable and dependable and trustworthy. Sometimes trust is broken in such a way that reconciliation isnt in your best interest.?? In situations where there was an extended period of abuse or betrayal, but it is no longer occurring, forgiveness for the past hurt may take longer, and that is OK. You both must be open to talking about it and continuing to process it. Your process might even include seeking guidance from a licensed professional counselor or other mental health professional. The 6 Best Online Marriage Counseling Programs

Important Sociologists

Understanding Income Inequality Essay Topics

Understanding Income Inequality Essay Topics There is little individuals can do, particularly with the minimum wage set so low. Countries that promote equal chance for all from a young age are the ones that will grow and prosper. One of the wealthiest people in the usa, Bill Gates, makes billions of dollars annually. For instance, if someone is earning $500, 000 or $5 million a year then they need to pay much greater income tax than what they're paying now. Income Inequality Essay Topics Fundamentals Explained Also women's healthcare is a considerable issue in rural locations. But think about the simple fact our children will dwell in another world with the changed climate and the shortage of organic resources. With the aid of our governments, there's hope. After the demand of skill surpasses the supply of that specific skill, we'd expect that the marketplace will offer a greater wage or price as a way to persuade the skilled worker to work with them. Minimum wage is sti ll quite low when compared with the rising prices of products and expenses. Hence, since the amount of technology rises the income inequality is very likely to continue. Consequently there's a decrease in the upcoming rate of growth. I think the central problem of income inequality is the absence of taxation on the rich. The determination of wages by the current market is an important cause of financial inequality. It's also one of the essential aspects that create income inequality. Inequality The difference in dimension, compatibility, or deficiency of equality. Singapore isn't spared within this aspect. The poor in our society aren't benefiting from the higher wealth in the nation. Income Inequality Essay Topics at a Glance You ought to search for the latest information at the net, discover it and after that create your essay. To get started writing your assignment you would want to run into an interesting and promising topic. This publication is currently archived . Ok, I Think I Understand Income Inequality Essay Topics, Now Tell Me About Income Inequality Essay Topics! All beliefs aren't tolerable. The sad reality is these changes most often have negative consequences for the surroundings, along with for the human population. The cyborg technology of the future will be exceedingly costly, and just very wealthy individuals will be in a position to afford it. Statistics have demonstrated that there's a closing of gender income gap. I don't observe this logical. Another one is using family inheritance, and individual may get wealth from their family members and would have the ability to establish eventually his own company therefore boosting their earnings. He had an adequate amount of sub claims to support his general principal claim. As a way to survive and pay their bills, plenty of low income Canadians had no choice except to borrow and acquire huge quantities of debts. I believe there's no greater investment than investing in every individual in society and government should concentrate on improving human capital. Income Inequality Essay Topics - Is it a Scam? Also, don't forget that you're able to pay for essay, just order original and higher quality papers from MyEssayWriting on a wide array of topics. It is possible to describe the current situation employing some facts, global statistics and earn a summarization providing your own thoughts and suggestions. Alongside the topics, you'd come across loads of papers free of charge. In reality, things can become very interesting once you get started doing the research and unearthing new and intriguing facts and stats. Choosing Income Inequality Essay Topics Is Simple The principle of equality of opportunity is just one of the fundamental tenets of human improvement. There are lots of reasons for this phenomenon to take place within the societies, the majority of them are often inter-related. One of the absolute most important reason we have inequ ality is due to our own belief. Well, there's not much evidence to speak to that. Because of this, the gender gap plays an important magnitude in determining wage. Therefore, it was chosen as I openly felt that corrective measures may not have been designed to tackle the matter on a worldwide scale. The coefficient on inequality that results from the aforementioned model can subsequently be understood as measuring the relationship of the way in which a change in income inequality is connected to changes in economic growth in a particular country. The next aspect is linked to the culture and gender problems. Income Inequality Essay Topics Secrets That No One Else Knows About This is the mind frame of a great deal of individuals. The poverty line is updated every year but for most people it is tough to get over the poverty line because it's becoming more difficult to come across work. The same as our five fingers are not of the very same dimensions, in the exact same way, no t all black individuals are stupid. They have been trying to change this for a long time. Y makes the decision to turn into an inventor and creates after three decades of semi-poverty a machine which helps thousands of individuals. Today, the majority of women can own businesses, and work in parastatals. Extremely poor individuals cannot receive or purchase the education necessary to permit them to raise their standard of living. Hearsay, Lies and Income Inequality Essay Topics Wealthy Danes constitute a lower proportion than in many other nations. Some of the more wealthy people within the nation make about 8 times a year. Some of the things which bring about inequality are how much men and women get paid. Over half the people who live in the nation make less than that. These results have to be interpreted with wonderful caution due to the limited degrees of freedom available in the model. It's almost not possible to measure someone's tastes and preferences, but it is simple to assess the amount of education and the level of discrimination. As a consequence, now women too have to travel a terrific distance to have their deliveries accomplished by a specialist. Whispered Income Inequality Essay Topics Secrets In the usa, the increase in inequality accompanied an increase in the payoff to education and other skills. Wages in the usa, after taking inflation into consideration, have been stagnating for over three decades. Income inequality is a significant issue in the USA. Inequality in america has come to be a larger topic discussed recently.

Bharatnatyam Free Essays

Introduction to Semiotics Bharatanatyam A journey from temples to the proscenium An introduction Bharatanatyam is a Sanskrit word, which means the dance of Bharata (India). True to its name, it is one of the oldest and most popular dance forms of India. It originated in the temples of Southern India and was later codified and documented as a performing art by the Tanjore Quartet. We will write a custom essay sample on Bharatnatyam or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is now the most popular Indian classical dance and is appreciated worldwide. Bharatanatyam is a language in itself. Like Sanskrit language, bharatanatyam follows strict rules and is technically sound. The grammar of the steps is followed rigorously. It is danced to Carnatic music and the mathematical precision of the dance equals the Carnatic music measure of measure. The three significant ingredients of bharatanatyam are: bhava (emotion), raga (music) and taal (rhythm); governed by Bharata muni’s Natya Shastra and Nandikeshwar’s Abhinaya Darpana. Hence, the interpretation BHAva +  RAga (music) +  TAla+  NATYAM(dance) =  Bharatanatyam. The technique and presentation â€Å"Bharatanatyam in its highest moment, is the embodiment of music in a visual form† -Balasaraswati The three major attributes of a Bharatanatyam performance are Nritta (technique), Nritya and Natya (drama). Nritta is pure dance. It is the movement of hands and feet on the rhythm and speed. It is a collage of rhythmic lines, forms and shapes. The movements, mudras or gestures do not signify anything. Then why nritta? Indian music and dance forms are based on the concept of cyclic rhythm or taal. Various musical patterns are woven with the musical notes and rhythmic patterns which can be beautifully executed through nritta. Nritya is interpretative dance. It is used to exhibit the underlying meaning of the song and the emotion attached with it. It is a combination of nritta and abhinaya or expressions. The meaning of the song is expressed systematic gesture language and facial expressions. Natya is equivalent to dance-drama. It is a language of gestures, poses, dialogues and mime. It depicts a story usually from the Indian mythology like Ramayan or Mahabharata. Here, the emphasis is majorly on abhinaya or expression rather than the rhythmic movements. The Abinaya is divided as: Angikabhinaya:  Expression through the limbs and body like the Head, Hands, and Legs. Vachikabhinaya:  Expression through narrations and voice. Aharyabhinaya:  Expression through dress, ornaments and other aids. Satvikabhinaya: Mental expression of feeling and emotion by facial expression and use of eyes. Bharatanatyam: The Journey The journey of bharatnatyam from the temples of south India to the proscenium of the world is a very exciting one. Dasi-attam (Origin and decline) Bharatnatyam as a very ancient and traditional art form has been associated with the temples of South India. It is believed that Bharatnatyam used to be known as the â€Å"temple dance†. Bharatnatyam was also known as the dasi-attam (dance performed by the dasis – the servants of God) or the sadir-attam (court dance). It was choreographed to be performed solo by the devadasis in the temples as an offering to the deities. These women, called devadasis, are said to have devoted their lives to God. They were considered to be united with the Gods. Infact, they were considered so close to the gods and so pure, that a pearl form their necklace was considered auspicious for the mangalsutra of a woman. They performed useful functions at temples like cleaning, lighting lamps, dressing the deities etc. They also sang devotional songs and danced in devotion to the deities. Apart from this, they taught music and dance to young girls. These devadasis were accomplished artistes who could play many musical instruments. They were well versed in Sanskrit and other languages, which helped them to interpret the compositions that they would perform. They were instrumental in developing a tradition of classical music and dance in South India. The devadasis were celibate and were not allowed to have a family as they were considered to be married to the Gods. Therefore, initially most of the dances in Bharatnatyam were choreographed to be in praise of God. Many padams (narrative pieces) depicted the love story of a nayak (hero) and a nayika (heroine). In most cases, the nayak was in the form of Lord Krishna, or Shiva or any other mythological hero. While Shiva was said to be serious, Krishna was full of pathos and love. Thus, the choreographies mainly concentrated on Sringara rasa (love). Gradually the devadasi system started getting plagued with several notorious ills. Around this time, it was customary for the Indian people hailing from royal or aristocratic families to invite a devadasi to a celebration, to sing and dance and perform. The best dancers were invited to the royal courts to perform, in return which they were provided with a shelter. In this period, the position of the devadasis could be compared to that of an apsara (celestial nymph) who danced in the courts of the Gods in order to please them. Eventually, the rich men and the aristocrats attracted the devadasis with good money and luxurious lifestyles and lured them into being their mistresses. The devadasis were easily enticed to the kind of lifestyle offered to them. Thus, the sringara rasa in their choreographies converted into eroticism and they danced merely to appease the rich men. As consequence of which, these devadasis who were held at par with the temple priests lost their respect in the society. By this time, the Europeans had arrived to India. Their advent was like addition of fuel to the fire of the already deteriorating dance form. The Europeans ridiculed this entire system of dancing to please the lords and considered this to be no better than prostitution. Under the British rule, propaganda prevailed to against Indian art, misinterpreting it as crude and immoral. Also other factors like loss of patronage due to the unstable political conditions, lack of recognition in the education system and lack of appreciation as compared to that given to ballet ; played a major role in the set back of the dance form. Due to the degenerated status of the devadasis, the Indian reformers started a movement against the devadasis. Thus the devadasi tradition was banned. The government started working with various non-governmental organizations to help reinstate these women into the society, as well as raise public awareness of the demeaning nature of their life work Thus, the devadasi tradition and with it the performing art (bharatanatyam) took a back seat in the history of Indian art and culture. Revival Against all odds, a few families preserved the knowledge of this dance form. These included individuals from varied backgrounds: Indian freedom fighters, Westerners interested in Indian arts, people outside the  devadasi  class who learnt Bharatanatyam, and  devadasis  themselves. The pioneers in reviving this art for are: E. Krishna Iyer, Rukmini Devi, Balasaraswati etc. Bharatanatyam now attracted young artists from respectable  Brahmin  families. Initially met with shock, their participation ultimately helped to shift public opinion in favor of reviving the art. An association of  devadasis  joined the effort to revive Bharatanatyam. Its ranks included an eventual teacher of Rukmini Devi’s, as well as the family of the legendary dancer Balasaraswati. Rukmini Devi’s debut performance in 1935 was a milestone. Her efforts won over much of the orthodox community of Madras. Her reforms of costume, stage setting, repertoire, introduction of dance drama,musical accompaniment, and thematic content, overcame the objections of conservatives that Bharatanatyam was vulgar. She went on to found the Kalakshetra institute, to which she attracted many great artists and musicians, with whom she trained generations of dancers. Balasaraswati promoted the traditional art of the  devadasis, maintaining that reforms were unnecessary and detracted from the art. Staying true to her  devadasi  lineage, she achieved great renown for her excellence. The renewed awareness of Bharatanatyam in Indian society allowed many nattuvanars  to resume their training activities, and many artists to enter the field of classical dance. Rukmini Devi’s desire to restore the full spiritual potential of the dance motivated reforms that led to what was known as the Kalakshetra style of Bharatanatyam. Bharatanatyam soon became the most widespread and popular of the Indian classical dance forms. It wasn’t long before it achieved international recognition as one of India’s treasures. Rukmini Devi versus Balasaraswati Differences in the similarity of trying to revive the Indian traditional art form The two towering figures that played a major role in the revival of das-attam as bharatantyam: Tanjore Balasaraswati and Rukmini Devi. Balasaraswati was affiliated with the school known as Tanjore court style while Rukmini devi was associated with a style that she developed at Kalakshetra. By focusing on these two dancers, we can throw light on the historical event of the upgradation of bharatanatyam. They were contemporaries. Balasaraswati gave her first performance in 1925 in a temple and Rukmini Devi gave her first performance in 1935 for the Theosophical Society’s anniversary celebration. Both performed Bharatanatyam regularly on concert stage and considered it a means of salvaging the endangered dance form. In the Indian dance world, both of them are legendary figures. Their names have become synonymous to classicism and traditionalism. Around both of them instructional communities have developed, which led to idea of development of various styles in Bharatnatyam. They led on to take Bharatnatyam on a whole new international level, in their own way. Despite the similarities and the oneness in the agenda of working for the up gradation of the lost dance form, the difference in their ideologies held them in opposition – which has affected the background of Bharatanatyam ever since. Rukmini Devi was a Brahmin who was married to an English Theosophist, George Arundale at the age of sixteen. She came in contact with the famous ballet dancer, Anna Pavlova who accepted her as a student. Pavlova later suggested Rukmini Devi to train in her ‘own dance from’. Following her advice, Rukmini Devi returned to Madras and trained under a traditional guru in the classical dance form, Bharatanatyam. She defied the orthodox custom that upper and middle class girls should not learn dance and set up Kalakshetra to train dancers from the upper and middle class families. The establishment of Kalakshetra played an important role in bringing Bharatanatyam from the temples to the concert stage. Balasaraswati on the other hand hailed from a family of devadasis. She was born in a lineage of women who were associated with the Tanjore music and dance since generations. Her mother and grandmother wanted her to become musician considering the social stigma linked to dance at that time but she decided to become a dancer against all odds. She gave her first performance, arangetram at the temple of Ammanakshi in Kanchipuram, marking the beginning of her legendary career. Rukmini Devi Rukmini Devi entered and Balasaraswati had carved their positions in the world of dance with a radically different perspectives. Rukmini Devi had a very clear goal of purifying the dance form. According to her, the dance form was precious but degraded because its reigns were in the hands of people with ‘ill repute’. She wanted to eradicate the stigma associated with it by passing it on to the hands of people from the upper or middle class. She thought that everything about Bharatnatyam needed to be purified so that it could regain its respectable position in the society. Also, she believed that the main reason for the degradation of this art form was the fact that sringara rasa (love) was the centre of the choreographies. The sringara rasa had led to the degeneration of the art form as introduced eroticism and sexuality in the art to the extent to make it vulgar. â€Å"To depict such things is unthinkable for me†, she said. She was not against the sringara rasa as such (she had performed love poems by jayadeva and kalidasa in her natya), but against the choreographies performed by the devadasi. The actions, mudras and movements included by them in their choreographies had become earthy from beautiful. She strived hard to replace the sringara rasa by bhakti rasa or ‘devotionalism’; devoid of any sexual referrant. Bhakti Rasa Rukmini Devi held Bharatnatyam as a national art form and worked towards its purification and propagating this art form in India and the rest of the world. She established the Kalakshetra – international school of performing arts, to fulfil her goals. Here, students from various upper and middle classes were trained in Bharatnataym and also some other dance forms. She also set up a theatre which gave a platform to her students and also to her innovations in the dance form. Thus, she made reforms to take Bharatnatyam to a whole new international level. Balasaraswati Balsaraswati on the other hand, was very proud of her mother, grandmother and her devadasi ancestors. She was very proud of the achievements of the devadasis in the world of Bharatnatyam. Unlike Devi, she fore grounded the South Indian nativity and stood by the Tamil roots associated with the dance form. She advocated preserving the tradition, and also keeping it in the hands of the  devadasi  community. Her argument was that the art would die if separated from the caste. She believed that Bharatnatyam was in its purest form and it required no modernization or reformation. At many occasions she reprobated efforts to purify the dance form saying. â€Å"Indeed the effort to purify bharatanatyam is like putting gloss on a burnished gold or painting a lotus†. This proves how high Balasaraswati’s respect and love for Bharatanatyam (in its existing form) was. She urged to adhere to the custom of Bharatnatyam being performed in temples and courts. She also urged taking Bharatnatyam on the concert stage. This gave a new dimension to the revival of the dance form. She also defended the maintenance of originality of the dance form, by supporting the long, solo performances being an important component of the dance form. She emphasized the importance of such elements in to context to maintain classicism, integrity and aestheticism of the dance form. She also believed that abiding by the Tanjore Quartet’s format was an important way of honouring the contributions of the court practitioners. Sringara Rasa Balasaraswati was particularly critical of the reformers who believed in transforming the sringara rasa of the form. She was quoted as saying, â€Å"Sringara is bhakti and bhakti is sringara†. She believed that there is an intricate relationship between the expression of love (sringara) and feeling of devotion (bhakti). She believed that sringara is the supreme emotion and that no other emotion could express so beautifully the mystic union of atma (soul) and the paramatma (The almighty). This rasa gives the dancer a wide scope of introducing artistic innovation from within herself. Balasarswati thus, believed that she was entrusted with the task of safeguarding the dance form by not allowing it to be modernized and easily accessible for corruption. In spite of all the discouragement faced from the world, she continued to protect the dance form, the purity and the originality of the dance form. A similarity in the differences In spite of all the difference and such radically opposite perspectives, both Rukmini Devi and Balasaraswati had the same agenda- of saving the dying dance form. They both strived in their own way to protect the dance form and to take it to a whole new level. Their efforts in bringing Bharatnatyam to the concert stage or proscenium against all the opposition and hurdles from the society are commendable. A choreographer should be thankful to the endeavours of these two torchbearers towards the revival of the Bharatnatyam. History was therefore selective. Rukmini Devi and Balasaraswati presented their understandings by emphasizing on some aspects and eschewing the others. How to cite Bharatnatyam, Papers

The Aesthetic Point of View Essay Example

The Aesthetic Point of View Paper The quest to substantiate aesthetics assessment has given birth to many philosophies in this field. This attempt has been dissected into multiple criteria such aesthetic concepts, aesthetic enjoyment, aesthetic experience, aesthetic value, etc. According to Beardsley, multiple points of view represent different value centered subjectivity. Beardsley with his flair in being open to including constructive criticism poses questions to his own definitions concerning the capacity-definition and he draws three problems with specific adjustments; the problem of falsification, the problem of illusion and the problem of devaluation. The problem of falsification leaves room for negative judgments to capitalize not absence of little value but great value in a work of proposed art. His vivid example of being under the influence of an intoxicated substance could alter the correct way of experiencing a work of art makes the point clear. ‘’But how can we explain the lowering of an aesthetic evaluation and still maintain that these evaluations are capacity-judgments? ’ asked Beardsley. This quotation refers to mood of critical thinking in his passages. The problem of devaluation captures the shift in ‘our value grades’ that is largely caused by enlargement of our experiences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Aesthetic Point of View specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Aesthetic Point of View specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Aesthetic Point of View specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer So this ‘belated recognition’ opens an internalized evaluation of the grades and understanding of it. The Aesthetic Value ‘‘The aesthetic value of an object is the value it possesses in virtue of its capacity to provide aesthetic gratification when correctly and completely experienced’’ It can be said that in judging the value of a painting, a poem, a composition, a drama or a building the observer needs to comprehend and include that aspect of its quality (with which we judge it) which is due to its capacity to provide aesthetic enjoyment. It is interesting to observe how the definitions of ‘value’, ‘capacity’ and ‘aesthetic gratification’ pull in more observations given through out the text. But after the definitions, the subjectivity of the considerations rejected or accepted when certain judgments are formulated bring us to his next nexus of suggestions. Beardsley writes, ‘’A consideration about an object is relevant to the aesthetic point of view if and only if it is a aesthetic gratification ( formal unity and intensity of regional quality) are present in the object’’. So his examples of a painting being landscape painting being relevant to a judgment marginally contributes to the pre-conditions surrounding the painting like possibly sexual orientation of the painter, writer or composer. The suggestion that the judgment should be exclusive of the subject of the creation gives rise to how historical, cultural aspects of judgment makes subjectivity of the art work stronger. To take an aesthetic point of view requires more than appreciating the skills and interjects the recognition and perceptions. When the question of justification for adopting a certain aesthetic point of view is there, the conflicts with other equally able aesthetics arises. So according to Beardsley the modern approach to broaden the range of adoption by ‘increasing the amount of aesthetic value of which we can take advantage’. This brings us to the observational point of the central task in aesthetic education. He states that this is where there is a rift and observers torn between conflicting ways of redirecting taste. The argument against broadening the amount of aesthetic value tries to incorporate everything as ‘expressive and symbolic’ and the other being the way of love of beauty which he has mentioned is reformist by implication since it seeks a world that conforms to its ideal. But Beardsley’s understanding in how confrontation with these issues does not generate the scope for defining the possibilities and limitations of the aesthetic point of view leaves margins for more contemplation. His conclusion suggest that the conflict of values and the values used for the aesthetic point of view sometimes terminate adopting only one. And his most noble suggestion has been ’To adopt the aesthetic point of view is simply to seek out a source of value. ’ Conclusion The most interesting aspect in reading and trying to evaluate Monroe C. Beardsley’s proposals has been in his expansive adaptation to developments in the philosophical ideas given birth by criticism or change in new aspects of the art world absent from his original philosophy. There might have been absence of elements of feminism, fad fashion, movements but this so-called New criticism that he is supposedly underwriting does respect the art criticism in a positive light. References The journal of Aesthetics and Art criticism, Volume 63, Issue 2 ( p 175- 178) Quotes from, The Aesthetic Point of View Monroe C. Beardsley 1982.

D2 Measurong Youngs modulus of copper Essays

D2 Measurong Youngs modulus of copper Essays D2 Measurong Youngs modulus of copper Paper D2 Measurong Youngs modulus of copper Paper In this experiment, The Youngs modulus of copper will be mesured . Apparatus copper wire 4m G-clamp polley on clamp -2*Wooden block 2*rule (half meter and meter rule) slotted mass with hanger 15 Â  0. 1 kg adhesive label -micrometer screw gauge -safety goggles -polystyrene board (Warning : Wear safety goggles when doing this experiment ) Theory When a spring is stretched or compressed by a force. The extension is directly proportional to the applied force. This relationship known as Hookes law. Force=ke. However,the law is used when the proportional limit is not exceeded. To further investigate how the material behaves when it is stressed,we define: The stress applied to the wire is defined as the force applied per unit cross-sectional area. Stress = force per unit area =F/A (where F is the force or tension in the wire, A is the cross-sectional area) When the wire being stretched,it is under strain. The strain is defined as the extension per unit length. Strain = extension per unit length = e/l (where e is the extension and l is the unstretched length of the wire) Withon the proportional limit,the ration stress/strain is a constant whose value depends on the material of the wire. It is known as the Young modulus of the material E = stress/strain = (F/A)/(e/l) = Fl/Ae From this law,a material with larger Youngs modulus means a greater stress is required to produce the same strain than another material with smaller Youngs modulus gives how stiff a material is. In this experiment, we will hang different loads (m) to one end of a copper wire of length l and diameter d. The extension (e) for each load is measured. From the slope of the straight part of the m-e graph, Youngs modulus of copper can be found. Since F=mg and A= cross-sectional area of the wire = ? (d/2)2 = ? d2/4, Youngs modulus of the copper wire is given by E = Fl/Ae = mgl/(? d2/4)e = m/e x 4gl/? d2 = slope of graph x 4gl/? d2 Procedure 1. To measure the diameter of the wire at two end and the center of the wire by using a micrometer screw gauge to take the mean value of the diameter. 2. The apparatus is seted on the bench as shown in Fig. D2. 1. 3. Fix an adhesive label on the copper wire as a marker 4. Measure the unstretched original length of the wire before addong slotted mass to the wire (from the wooden blocks to the slotted mass) 5. The copper was loaded in steps and the extension produced was recorded. Steps were continued until the wire broke Results 1st measurement 2nd measurement 3rd measurement . 2 1. 3 1. 4 0. 0042 0. 005 0. 007 0. 009 0. 015 0. 036 0. 087 0. 155 Before the load increase to 0. 7 kg. The extension is nearly proportional to the force . Also stress is nearly proprtional to strain. After the load is beyond 0. 7kg,extension is not proportional to force and stree is not proportional to strain. The plastic deformation occur. The wire does not return completely to its original length . The wire broke whn the load is increase to 1. 4 kg. This part of graph obeys Hookes law. Fig. 4 % strain = extension / original length x 100% = 0. 0042/ 3. 95x 100% = 0. 106% Fig. 4 shows the best straight line through the points of the straight part of the graph. Slope of load-extension graph = 189. 72 kgm-1 Youngs modulus of copper E = slope of graph x 4gl/? d2 =189. 72 x 4(10)(3. 95)/? (0. 000278)2 =123. 46109 Pa Error estimation Sraw lines of maximum and minimum slope through the points of the graph. Find the slope and take the large deviation from the slope of the fitted graph as the error Maximum slope = 208. 77 Minimum slope = 163. 15 Error in slope = i 26. 57 % error in slope =14.00 % Estimate the possible errors in l and d and express them as percentages Error in l = 0. 1cm/2 = i 0. 05cm % error in l =0. 0127% Error in d = i 0. 005mm %error in d = 0. 0180% Hence, estimate the % error in E. % error in E = % error in slope + % error in l + 2 i % error in d = 14. 00% + 0. 0127% + 2 i 0. 0180% = 14. 049% Error in E = i 1. 7345i 1012 Discussion From the graph of Fig. 4 . The wire is undergo a proportional limit before the load increase to 0. 7 kg. Its obeys Hookes law. When the load is not reach to a yield point. The wire can returns to its original length when the load is removed. In this graph . The slope of the graph of load against extension determines the Youngs modulus. When the load is beyond the yield point. The plastic deformation will occur. The wire does not return completely to its original length . It will contain a permanent extension. Then the load is added to the wire continuously. The extension of the wire is more signifiance.. The wire narrows uniformly. In our experiment,The maximum stress at the breaking point. Break is due to the wire narrows unevenly to form necks. There are some precautions for this experiment. When we read the value of the length of the wire. It is more accuracy as we observe the value vertically. Moreover,when the load is add on the wire. It is more suitable to add slowly. This can avoid the force added by our hand. Besides,students should wear safety goggles when doing this experiment. It can protect our eye is hited by the wire. Youngs modulus is more useful than force constant because the Youngs modulus depend on the force per unit cross sectional area. Also,the extension is per unit length. It is more accuracy than the force constant which is only depend on the relationship between the force and extension. From the book called NEW WAY PHYSICS. the youngs modulus of the copper is 124109 Pa. Also from answers. com/topic/young-s-modulus. the Youngs modulus is between110 to 130 x109 Pa. Compare with our result. It is 124109 Pa. The answer is very close to the reference answer. It is because we take all of the value very carefullyand seriously for decrease the error. Conclusion The Youngs modulus is depend on the materials. The Young modulus of copper which measure by our group is 124109 Pa.

Names of Animals and Insects Formed by Folk Etymology

Names of Animals and Insects Formed by Folk Etymology Names of Animals and Insects Formed by Folk Etymology Names of Animals and Insects Formed by Folk Etymology By Mark Nichol This post lists words derived from words in other languages as a result of folk etymology, a process by which speakers adopt the foreign terms after revising them by using existing elements from their native language. bumblebee: This word stems from the Middle English word humbul-be, but by association with bombeln, meaning â€Å"boom† or â€Å"buzz,† the initial sound changed. caterpillar: The word for a butterfly or moth larva stems from the Old French word catepelose (â€Å"hairy cat†); the alteration of the third and fourth syllables to -pillar (from Middle English piller, meaning â€Å"plunderer†) may have developed from the notion of its destructive effect on plants. cockroach: This word is derived from the Spanish term cucaracha and employs two words that, when combined, sound similar to the original word. cockatoo: This bird’s name is from the Malay word kakatua by way of the Dutch term kaketoe. crawfish/crayfish: Although these are variations of a name for an aquatic animal, the second syllable in each is not equivalent to the word fish; the entire word, ultimately from a Germanic language, stems from the Anglo-French term creveis by way of the Middle English word crevis and is related to crab (and perhaps to carve). geoduck: This name for a Pacific Northwest clam, which comes from a local Native American term, has nothing to do with ducks- or with the Latin prefix geo-, meaning â€Å"earth†; also, the spelling of the first two syllables is inexplicable, since they are pronounced like gooey. greyhound: The first syllable of this word does not refer to the dogs color; it is from the Old English term grieg, referring to a female dog. lapwing: This word for a species of bird started out as the Old English term hlÄ“apewince (â€Å"leap wink†), inspired by the bird’s flapping mode of flight. mandrill: This word for a type of baboon derived from attempts of English speakers to pronounce the name of the animal in an African language. mongoose: The animal’s name stems from mamgusa in Prakrit, an Indic language. (It has nothing to do with geese, so the plural is mongooses.) muskrat: This animal is a rodent, but its name is not derived from its scent or its kinship with rats; the word from which it derives is of Algonquian origin. peacock/peahen/peafowl: The first syllable of these words comes from pavo, the Latin (and Spanish) name for it. Peafowl is redundant, while peacock and peahen denote the male and female of the species. polecat: The first syllable of this name for a mammal in the weasel family (also an alternative name for the polecat’s relative, the skunk) is derived from the French term poul (the base of poultry), from its barnyard depredations. popinjay: This older term for a parrot, now exclusively applied to an arrogant person, is ultimately from the Arabic word babghÄ . quahog: This word for a type of clam stems from poquauhock, from the Narragansett language, and has no relation to pork. sockeye: The name for a type of salmon does not refer to its eyes; it originates from an attempt to pronounce a Native American word for the fish. wheatear: This thrush was originally called a wheatears; that name is a euphemism for â€Å"white arse,† a reference to its light-colored rump. white rhinoceros: White, in the name of this animal, is not a reference to its color; it stems from the Afrikaans adjective weit, meaning â€Å"wide,† a description that distinguishes its wide upper lip from the pointed lip of the black rhinoceros. woodchuck: This alternative name for the groundhog derives from the assignment of two English words whose sounds resemble those of a Cree word. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesAmong vs. AmongstComma Before Too?

Global Human Resource Managemenet Stratgy Assignment

Global Human Resource Managemenet Stratgy - Assignment Example The report ends with the recommendations that are very important for the new venture to incorporate in its work plan. The report aims at delivering a recommendation report to Human Resource director of Hilton Hotels Corporation. It highlights the internal evaluation of strategies adopted by Hilton Hotels Corporation and examines requirements of a new joint venture that is planned in China. In China, Hilton Group has already established their hotels as Hilton China, but they have concentrated in entering into a joint venture with Swire Hotels in Mainland China. Thus, the report elaborates human resource requirements for the new joint venture in China. Hospitality industry includes wide range of services like event planning, lodging, transportation and hotels. The growth in revenue in this particular sector depends on the availability of the disposable income and leisure time of the individuals. The global hospitality industry has encountered growth for the last five years due to the increase in demand for different services. The following graph indicates the trend of demand and supply in this particular industry for the last five years. From the above figure it can be depicted that the demand for the hospitality services were much less than that of the supply of the same. The reason behind this difference in demand and supply can be stated as the decrease in disposable income of the individual globally. Disposable income is the main driver to boost revenue in this industry. The leisure time also plays an important role for governing the increase or decrease in demand for services in this sector; as with the increase in competition worldwide people have become more conscious regarding their job and thus they do not get much time to spend with their family. For example, if the hotel sector is taken into account it can be stated that with the rise in price of the hotel rooms the demand

THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS - Essay Example It made more than 60 acquisitions to become the second biggest long distance company in the U.S. LDDS later became a public company in 1989 after its purchase of advantage companies. WorldCom’s plan was to bring in economies of scale that were desperately needed to become successful in the flourishing telecom market at the time (Monks and Nell 577) (Fernando 218). LDDS then changed its name in May 1995, to WorldCom Inc. Nearly every one of WorldCom’s possessions were paid for by its stock. At first WorldCom was in the voice telephony business, however, novel technology as well as growing competition decreased revenues in addition to profits of the business. WorldCom consequently sought to broaden its horizons in mid-1990 by buying companies that facilitated it venture into data, satellite communications as well as webhosting market among others. Nevertheless, these businesses experienced their own slow down then making it difficult for WorldCom to meet its earnings fore cast as well as its own revenue (Monks and Nell 577) (Fernando 218). Besides being seventy percent better than Enron in terms of assets, WorldCom Inc. was also the second biggest telecommunications company in the United States. ... In June 25, 2002; WorldCom announced that it had deliberately furthermore inappropriately inflated its cash flow by $ 3.8 billion (Brooks and Paul 122) (Fernando 218). The declaration followed the resignation of WorldCom CEO Bernard Ebbers in the midst of questions of his personal loans from WorldCom as we as the launch of SEC’s investigations into WorldCom’s accounting. WorldCom later filed for liquidation protection in July, 2002. A year after rising from bankruptcy protection WorldCom amended its name from MCI to Verizon (Monks and Nell 576). The major personalities embroiled in accounting manipulations at WorldCom include: Bernard J. Ebbers (CEO), Scott D. Sullivan (CFO), Burford Yates (Director general accounting), David F. Myers (Controller), Betty, L. Vinson (Director of management reporting) and Troy M. Normand (Director of legal entity accounting) (Brooks and Paul 122). WorldCom’s financial meltdown took place at the center of the uproar emanating from e vents at the time that can be enumerated as follows: (a) the looming depression of stock markets at the time. (b) Enron’s liquidation in December 2, 2001 as well as the linked senate and congress hearings; plus the fifth amendment by Enron executives. (c) Petitions by president Bush as well as business leaders for reinstatement of trust in addition to reliability to financial markets, reporting as well as corporate governance. (d) Receptive introduction of governance guide lines by Stock and Exchange Commission (SEC). (e) Deliberations by U.S senate as well as congress of separate bills to enhance accountability in corporate governance. (f) Condemnation of Arthur Andersen, auditor of both

Relationship Between Enlightenment and Sociology

Relationship Between Enlightenment and Sociology The theory of social development and progress was the key concept of the Enlightenment [Ray,13]. The experience of Renaissance recovery from the dark ages, rediscovery of antique philosophy, the expansion of colonialism and exploration of non-European cultures, violated established order and lead to expansion of new ideas doubting tradition. The Enlightenment recognized that human history changes, that societies experience material and mental, moral, or philosophical progress. That modernity is just another stage of development, that does not lead the end of history, but might be as well a beginning of some better, new society. Eighteen century thinkers considered reason as the leading force of change, believing, that human knowledge and consciousness may develop linearly. Since the Enlightenment was an age of science and reason, philosophers tend to classify and order possessed knowledge. That lead to a few theories of historical stages development of societies that arranged histor ical periods in progressive order, as Turgot and Condorset did [Ray, 13-15]. The Enlightenments attachment to the idea of progressive development of societies lead to the ideas of future utopia final, goal stage of social evolution. It was a very optimistic concept of history, leading from dark, oppressive periods in the past, through ambiguous and chaotic modernity, to some enlighten, better, just future. Such utopian vision was described by Condorcet, for whom future society would prevail tyranny by changing tradition and superstition into reason [Ray, 15]. Delany wrote of the Enlightenment as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦characterized by a certain utopianism, which was a reflection of the belief in the promises of modernity to bring about freedom. Unlike earlier social thought, it displayed a great belief in the power of human action to shape the future [Delany, Blackwell, 23]. The same was true for Marx, who saw communism as the perfect and most of all just social system. For Marx the end stage of human history communism represented the most desired and final phase of human development. As Sideman wrote: Marx never gave up his Enlightenment faith in the coming of a new era [Sideman, 1998, 36]. But contrary to the Enlightenment philosophers, for Marx the utopia was not to be obtained through evolution and development of reason, but through revolution of working class. The idea of revolution was not present in eighteen century before the experience of French revolution. Though it is sad that the Enlightenment prepared the ground for the revolt in France, works of eighteen century thinkers did not appeal to force or violent change. Marx shared the romantic vision of with socialist thinkers and activists supporting French strife. Moreover, unlike his eighteen century ancestors, Marx sought emancipation in proletariat the working class of modernity. The Enlightenment was an age of intellectuals, giving special role to philosophers in the process of development of society [Szacki]. In eighteen century thought reason had the emancipatory force. Marx violent vision of revolution did not reserved place for intellectuals, though Marx was one of them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Ideologies and religion The end of the Middle Ages ended the era of gods laws and theological explanation of social order. The Enlightenment separated religion form politics. Eighteen century brought to life the concept of public private spheres. Religion became private matter of citizens. Gods rights no longer decided on political questions and social relations. Secular society was based on secular rules. The Enlightenment believed in reason and science, and through them sought emancipation from religion and superstition. Social change required that cultural traditions be weakened to allow for new ideas and attitudes favoring social progress [Seidman, 1998, 34]. Religion and tradition constrained social change and overruled the utopian vision of future. It does not mean that the Enlightenment was a truly secular area. Rejection of religion covered only public, political sphere. None of the great philosophers of the period Becon, Diderot, Locke postulated atheism [Ray, 13]. The issue was to separate reli gion from science, theology from logical reasoning. Religion intruded cognition, so had to be abandoned in the sphere of knowledge. Marx also shared with the Enlightenment the concept of secular society. Though he brought the idea of secularization further. For Marx every ideology and meta-narration of society in every stage of its development was a product of current economic relations, so was the religion. Religion, internalized rules, regulations and prohibitions, served justification of the conditions of production and hence the justification of exploitation. In this sense religion was a mechanism of oppression. That is why, according to Marx, emancipation not only required rejection of theological order of the world, but also complete rejection of religion. Once again this emancipation required revolution dramatic and sudden change of economic conditions that would change social relations, including execution of religion. In this sense religion was not a private issue, but a political one, that justified bourgeois order. As in the eighteen century religion obstructed change this time, though, it was not s uppose to be withdraw from public life, but destroyed absolutely. Revolution guaranteed changing social order not only in the sphere of production, but also in the sphere of religion. The role of science The Enlightenment was the era of development of sciences. A great expand of sciences such as mathematics, medicine, natural sciences changed the view of modern philosophers on the world and human kind. Science revealed mystery of existence and the order of nature. That is why science become one of the ways to obtain individual freedom. Science lead to discovery of logical, rational order of human and societal relations. For Marx science also had an important role in revealing the rules of organization of society. Marx knew that in order to change, it is necessary to understand the social forces institutions, cultural traditions, social groups [Seidman, 1998, 34]. In Marx theory science held the explanatory role by revealing the real nature of social order, gives information about social classes, modes of production and rules of historical development. According to Marx, science should be based on rational assumptions, logical laws, it should reject common sense and superstitions. Economic perspective Though Marx theory shares materialistic perspective, he was not the one to introduce economic interpretation of social life. Adam Smith, Adam Ferguson and others eighteen century thinkers saw the leading role of economy in social life. Those early economists wrote about dehumanization of work and disintegration of society through modern specialization of production and technical development of the production process [Ray, 15]. Capitalist revolution of eighteen century brought new phenomena that were not overlooked by present-day thinkers. Negative effects of industrialization, demographic explosion and urbanization were thoroughly discussed by that time. As we can see, the importance of material conditions for human individual and collective life was not the Marx invention, though he also observed that technology destroys social relations. Innovations, machines and devices used in the process of production serve the dominant class for exploitation of workers [Ray, 65]. Nevertheless, with his materialistic view on society, Marx went further, with the idea that: the reproduction of material life precedes the production of culture [Seidman, 1998, 37]. For Marx material conditions of existence were the basis for all other characteristics of life. According to Marx, living conditions determine social structure, policies, rules and morality. Marx showed that certain social conditions shape certain forms of consciousness. That was a great contribution of Marx thought to social sciences. Since Marx, social scientists began research on the role of material conditions on human thoughts, believes and attitudes, giving a start to many discipline s of social sciences, as sociology of thought, sociology of knowledge or sociology of religion [Szacki, 231]. Moreover, since Marx, social scientists consider development process and ownership relations of societies as the most important criteria of social studies analysis. The concept of state Enlightenment to find such origins of social order not to limit freedom. How to reconcile freedom and social order. Enlightenment the idea of individual in society free form state, church and other collective forms of organizations. Civil society idea freedom through civil rights. In search of order based on rational assumptions. The role of philosopher as a leading role in creating social order, morality. Intelectuals [Szacki, 84, Ray, Enlightenment, 11]. All stages of development according to Marx were different social formations. Those formations were direct creations of economic relations within society. The most thorough fully described formation was bourgeois one. It was contemporary, most developed and differentiated mode of production. Capitalism stage of development was characterized by binary class structure, where one class was the group of society that sold their work and did not own other means of productions the workers, while the other was the group of owners of means of production that benefited from workers work the capitalists. Individualism and collective action In earlier philosophy status of human being in society was constant and determined not by human himself but by external forces the world order, gods will, some kind of justice and internal sense of social existence. Enlightenment and especially the French revolution, brought the idea of civil society and civil rights [Szacki, 85]. The Enlightenment claimed that all human beings share some common characteristics that are independent of external, historical or natural conditions. It was a kind of individualism, that claimed that human nature in general have some common characteristics inherited form the state of nature. That is what makes society egalitarian differences between human status in society are merely secondary. In this sense that all (male) human beings are equal and share the same civic rights. Emancipation in this context was a political emancipation of citizens form feudal, traditional relations. Marx connected human position in social structure with material conditions and idea of work and ownership. For him the idea of society was not based on the idea of civil rights but on the idea of economic relations between different social groups classes. It was dichotomous vision of society made of workers and capitalists the owners of means of production. Emancipation was possible not on the basis of civil rights but on the basis of changing economic relations. This was a revolutionary perspective leading to turnover of social order. Unlike the Enlightenment, Marx did not perceived emancipation and concept of freedom in individual actions. He clearly rejected individualism both in terms of individual social actions and as the method of inference about human conditions. Marx claimed that every individual is rooted in his collective history and society, and his consciousness, as well as beliefs, goals and needs are shaped through that heritage. That is why not only analysis of hum an conditions, but also the projected change of social relations, has to take into consideration collective baggage and collective effort. That is why Marx shared the belief that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦individuals do not act on ideas primarily because they are true of have been proven correct, but on the basis of their self-interest. Ideas may shape our actions, but our social interests determine which ideas we adopt. CLASS AND DIVISION OF SOCIETY Critical theory Marx is perceived as the father of critical theory. As Bryan wrote it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦classical sociology is a critical discipline, because it represents typically an attack on the taken-for-granted assumptions of bourgeois, utilitarian liberalism. This critical tradition is conventionally associated with Marxism [Bryan s. Turner, Blackwell, 9]. But one cannot negate that critical attitude was characteristic for the Enlightenment thought. XVIII century philosophers questioned traditions, religions, authorities, beliefs, metaphysics and everything else that was not perceived rational. Marx theory gave basis for future revolutions, but it was the Enlightenment thought that was a mother of French Revolution. In this sense the Enlightenment theories were the first revolutionary theories, revolutionary through their critique, doubt and rejection. Marx only developed further this critical perspective, but he was not the first one to neglect contemporary, well established order. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦our social interests are determined by our social position, in particular our class status [Seidman, 1998, 34] Marx and Engels aimed to shift the focus of social criticism from the analysis of consciousness and the evolution of ideas to that of the development of social institutions and conflicts [Seidman, 1998, 37] Historical materialism class dynamics shape the organization of socioeconomic systems which in turn, determine the structure and direction of the whole society [S, 38] Class theory of society, class struggle Power comes from the ownership of means of production social theory becomes the critique of political economy, [Delany, Blackwell, 25] New constructs: commodification, class-struggle, profit, surplus value Marxs social theory was a critical one. Critique does not try to explain or simply interpret society for its own sake, but is inherently critical of the prevailing social order and seeks to reveal the system of domination. [Delany, Blackwell, 25] Karl Marx, effectively replaced philosophical analysis with an advanced social theory of modern society. [Delany, Blackwell, 23] Conclusions Reason vs. modes of production Reason vs. false consciousness Reason vs. ownership

Management Control System Essay

A common fleet significantly simplifies scheduling, operations, and maintenance. Training costs for pilots, ground crew, and mechanics are lower, because there’s only a single aircraft to learn. Purchasing, provisioning, and other operations are also vastly simplified, therefore lowering costs. 2. People: Southwest tries hard to different way. For example, not assigning seats in its flights helps to reinforce its image that it gets passengers to their destinations when they want to get there, on time, at the lowest possible fares. By not assigning seats, Southwest can turn the airplanes quicker at the gate. If an airplane can be turned quicker, more routes can be flown each day. That generates more revenue, so that Southwest can offer lower fares. About 60% of Southwest’s passenger revenue was generated by online bookings via southwest. com. That southwest. com was the number one airline website by revenue and Nielsen/Net Rating identified it as the largest airline site in terms of unique visitors. 2. How do Southwest’s control systems help execute the firm’s strategy? Southwest’s control system help execute the firm’s strategy by: – Implementing short haul and medium haul, on-line booking, less time at the gate, hedged fuel and oil Southwest consistently sought out ways to improve its efficiencies and pass on the cost savings to its passengers. In 2004, Southwest had reduce the headcount per aircraft to 74 from 85 in 2003. It hedged about 85% of its fuel and oil needs as a result saved about $ 455 million . It also entered new airports after a process of due diligence and with a sense of commitment to the people it served. Southwest pilots were among the only pilots of major U. S. airlines who did not belong to a nation union. National union rules limited the number of hours pilots could fly. But Southwest’s pilots were unionized independently allowing them to fly far more hours than pilots at other airlines. Othe workers at SWA wree nationally unionized but their contracts wrere flexible enough to allow them to jump in and help out regardless of the task at hand. From the time the plane landed until it was ready for takeoff took approx 20-25 minutes at SWA and required a ground crew of 4 plus 2 at the gate. Is the controller relationship of Martex better than that of Rendell current organizationalrelationship ? Objective: To achieve profitability and growth Ans 1: What is the organisational philosophy of Martex with respect to the controller function? What do you think of it? Should Rendell Adopt this philosophy? The organizational philosophy of   Martex   with respect to the controller function is thatdivisional controller report to the corporate controller for transparency of information on budget issues. According to us it has the following Adv and disadv:

About the Vice President of the United States

Sometimes, the Vice President of the United States is remembered more for things they say wrong than for things they do right. If we do everything right, if we do it with absolute certainty, theres still a 30% chance were going to get it wrong, said Vice President Joe Biden. Or as Vice President Dan Quayle put it, If we dont succeed, we run the risk of failure. Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President, said of his office, Once there were two brothers. One went away to sea; the other was elected vice president. And nothing was heard of either of them again. All verbal gaffes and disparaging remarks aside, the vice president remains our second highest federal government official and a single heartbeat away from ascending to the presidency. Electing the Vice President The office of Vice President of the United States is established along with the office of President of the United States in Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution, which also creates and designates the Electoral College system as the method by which both offices are to be elected. Before enactment of the 12th Amendment in 1804, there were no separately nominated candidates for vice president. Instead, as required by Article II, Section 1, the presidential candidate receiving the second-highest number of electoral votes was awarded the vice presidency. In essence, the vice presidency was treated as a consolation prize. It took only three elections for the weakness of that system of choosing the vice president to become obvious. In the 1796 election, Founding Fathers and bitter political rivals John Adams - a Federalist - and Thomas Jefferson - a Republican - ended up as president and vice president. To say the least, the two did not play well together. Fortunately, the government of then was quicker to fix its mistakes than the government of now, so by 1804, the 12th Amendment had revised the electoral process so that candidates ran specifically for either president or vice president. Today, when you vote for a presidential candidate, you are also voting for his or her vice presidential running mate. Unlike the president, there is no constitutional limitation on the number of times a person can be elected vice president. However, constitutional scholars and lawyers disagree whether a twice-elected former president can be elected vice president. Since no former presidents have ever tried running for vice president, the issue has never been tested in court. Qualifications to Serve The 12th Amendment also specifies that the qualifications required to serve as vice president are the same as those required to serve as president, which are briefly: be a natural born U.S. citizen; be at least 35 years old, and have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years. My mother believed and my father believed that if I wanted to be President of the United States, I could be, I could be Vice President! said Vice President Joe Biden. Duties and Responsibilities of the Vice President Having been kept in the dark about the existence of the atomic bomb by President Roosevelt, Vice President Harry Truman, after taking over as president, remarked that the vice presidents job is to go to weddings and funerals. However, the vice president does have some significant responsibilities and duties. A Heartbeat from the Presidency Certainly, the responsibility most on the mind of vice presidents is that under the order of presidential succession, they are required to take over the duties of the President of the United States at any time the president becomes, for any reason, unable to serve, including death, resignation, impeachment, or physical incapacitation. As Vice President Dan Quayle said, One word sums up probably the responsibility of any vice president, and that one word is to be prepared. President of the Senate Under Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution, the vice president serves as president of the Senate and is allowed to vote on legislation when necessary to break a tie. While the Senates supermajority vote rules have reduced the impact of this power, the vice president can still influence legislation. As president of the Senate, the vice president is assigned by the 12th Amendment to preside over the joint session of Congress in which the votes of the Electoral College are counted and reported. In this capacity, three vice presidents -- John Breckinridge, Richard Nixon, and Al Gore -- have had the distasteful duty of announcing that they had lost the presidential election. On the brighter side, four vice presidents -- John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Martin Van Buren, and George H. W. Bush - were able to announce that they had been elected president. Despite the vice presidents constitutionally assigned status in the Senate, the office is generally considered to be a part of the Executive Branch, rather than the Legislative Branch of the government. Informal and Political Duties While certainly not required by the Constitution, which wisely includes no mention of politics, the vice president is traditionally expected to support and advance the policies and legislative agenda of the president. For example, the vice president might be called on by the president to draft legislation favored by the administration and talk it up in an effort to gain the support of members of Congress. The vice president might then be asked to help shepherd the bill through the legislative process. The vice president typically attends all Presidential Cabinet meetings and may be called on to act as an adviser the president on a wide variety of issues. The vice president might stand in for the president at meetings with foreign leaders or state funerals abroad. In addition, the vice president sometimes represents the president in showing the administrations concern at sites of natural disasters. Stepping Stone to the Presidency Serving as vice president is sometimes considered a political stepping stone to being elected president. History, however, shows that of the 14 vice presidents who became president, 8 did so because of the death of the sitting president. The likelihood that a vice president will run for and be elected to the presidency depends largely on his or her own political aspirations and energy, and the success and popularity of the president with which he or she served. A vice president who served under a successful and popular president is likely to be seen by the public as a party-loyal sidekick, worthy of advancement. On the other hand, a vice president who served under a failed and unpopular president may be considered as more of a willing accomplice, worthy only of being put out to pasture.

Construction Rethinking Operational Stages - 1668 Words

Introduction In the last few decades, the quest for continuous improvement and innovation has led to the discovery of new approaches to best practice by different players in the construction industry in the United Kingdom. These efforts have been initiated with the view to increase understanding of the needs of key business areas as well as increase client, users and stakeholders value. In this regard experts in the field of construction have proposed rethinking of construction (Egan 1998) by strategically rethinking operational stages in order to decrease cost and improve performance. One of these strategic operational stages, called the briefing process has perked the interests of the researcher in the course of producing a report†¦show more content†¦According to Egan, inefficient practices as well as non-collaborative operational practices lead to disparity and dispute for all parties. It is therefore recommended that all parties understand project requirements, ensure client participation and operational transparency. The challenge is to achieve high performance amidst constraints and improve construction performance by concentrating on meeting end user needs. It is only through this that the project management can ensure value delivered to the client. To achieve the above partnering is imperative, and communication is vital. The initial communication point in any construction project is the brief. During the 1980s and 1990s efforts have been directed towards the briefing process and its subsequent techniques as part of management design (Atkin et al 1996). These have been initiated with the view to bridge the gaps between client and management expectations, experience of service and definition of service. There are three compelling reasons why a brief is required for any project management before carrying out work. These are: i. Effective and measurable work ii. Saves time and money iii. Fair remuneration (Herd 2003) To achieve these objectives briefs must be articulated through clear thinking as well defined objectives. Not only this but briefs must be written, discussed between the clients and the management, and documented. It is a process,Show MoreRelatedTheory of Cognitive Development and Jean Piaget2077 Words   |  9 Pagesdiscontinuous stages in the same sequence, namely they are: the sensorimotor stage, the pre-operational stage, the concrete operations stage and the formal operation stage. The first stage, which is the sensorimotor stage, occurs around 0-2 years. During this stage, infants interact with the environment through limited senses and motor activities. Piaget contends that the infant at this stage do not understand object permanence 5. The second stage is the pre-oprational stage. 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